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Therefore, there is no need for expensive hardware or cloud infrastructure (in the imparted courses, students with smartphones were able to perform most of the methodological steps as if they were using more powerful computers).

In contrast to some of the previously mentioned IoT security initiatives, this article proposes to make use of a tool that can be used remotely by any student with just a device able to run a web browser and an Internet connection. As a result, they concluded that games could represent specific case studies and facilitate case-based learning approaches. Therefore, although the authors considered the positive early indications, the question of whether serious games are effective at training was difficult to answer conclusively. Moreover, the studied games were designed for a very short-term interaction (to be finished in one session), and those papers that included an evaluation only considered immediate short-term impact. Although their results are generally positive, the authors remark that the evaluation sample size was small and selected.

investigate whether serious games can be effective cybersecurity training tools. Examples range from cybersecurity competitions with penetration testing practices, capture the flag games, online learning platforms, red versus blue teams, or build-it/break-it/fix-it competitions. By using a flipped classroom methodology, students learn about threats associated with the industrial control system domain, develop an educational game, and exercise their soft skills during multiple public presentations.Īpart from hands-on assignments, other approaches to cybersecurity training include serious games. Similarly, in, a modular testbed for teaching cybersecurity in a simulated industrial environment is presented. A different approach is followed in, where researchers from Northumbria University (United Kingdom) propose a low-cost and flexible platform that is used as honeypot and that can be integrated with general purpose networks. For instance, in, a cybersecurity framework is proposed to develop hands-on experiments rapidly, making use of two incentive models to engage the participants: a model to encourage engineers to contribute with data and experiments and a model to encourage universities to use the contributed data/experiments for education.

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Thus, this article provides an introductory practical guide to IoT cybersecurity assessment and exploitation with Shodan.Ĭommercial software and hardware can be used for recreating real-world scenarios for cybersecurity labs, but some researchers find them limited in different aspects and thus created their own frameworks.

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Moreover, this work details how to automate IoT-device vulnerability assessments through Shodan scripts.

For such a purpose, a use case-based methodology is proposed to teach students and users to carry out such audits and then make more secure the detected exploitable IoT devices. To tackle these issues, this article describes how Shodan can be used to perform audits and thus detect potential IoT-device vulnerabilities. The tool allows for detecting IoT device vulnerabilities that are related to two common cybersecurity problems in IoT: the implementation of weak security mechanisms and the lack of a proper security configuration. Due to its features, Shodan can be used for performing cybersecurity audits on Internet of Things (IoT) systems and devices used in applications that require to be connected to the Internet. Its main use is to provide a tool for cybersecurity researchers and developers to detect vulnerable Internet-connected devices without scanning them directly. Shodan is a search engine for exploring the Internet and thus finding connected devices.